Final answer:
The action force is the force exerted by the arrow on the target, while the reaction force is the force exerted by the target back on the arrow.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the case of an arrow and a target, the action force is the force exerted by the arrow on the target.
This force occurs when the arrow is released and it pushes against the target to penetrate or stick into it. The reaction force is the force exerted by the target back on the arrow.
This force occurs as a result of the target resisting the penetration or impact of the arrow.