Final answer:
The forearm pass or bump in volleyball involves principles of force and contact similar to hitting a tennis ball with a racquet's sweet spot, which affects force and vibration. Catching a ball by 'giving' with it reduces the impulse, and hitting water with your palm versus fingers resembles the difference between a belly flop and a dive in swimming.
Step-by-step explanation:
The forearm pass, also known as the bump in volleyball, is analogous to hitting a tennis ball with a racquet. In tennis, hitting the ball at the racquet's percussion point or 'sweet spot' results in little or no force exerted on your hand, reducing vibration and the risk of tennis elbow.
The same principles apply to the forearm pass, where the point of contact affects the force exerted on your arms and the ball's trajectory. Similarly, when catching a ball, if you 'give' with the ball by pulling your hands toward your body, it reduces the impulse experienced compared to keeping your hands still.
Hitting water with your full palm, as opposed to diving in with your fingers first, is comparable to a belly flop versus a dive, with the former resulting in a greater force distributed over a larger area, causing a larger impact and discomfort. The orientation you choose for these interactions can help avoid injury and improve performance in the respective sport or activity.