Final answer:
Modern humans created the Lascaux cave paintings in Southern France around 15,000 to 17,000 years ago, likely as part of rituals to ensure successful hunting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cave paintings in Lascaux in Southern France were created by modern humans (early Homo sapiens sapiens) approximately 15,000 to 17,000 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic period. Located in the Vèzére valley, these paintings showcase a variety of animal species and have led to much speculation regarding their purpose. The most famous theory, attributed to Henri Breuil, proposes that these artworks were part of "hunting magic", a ritual believed to ensure a successful hunt. Over 350 cave painting sites have been found, largely concentrated in France and Spain, with Lascaux being one of the most notable due to its impressive artistry and well-preserved condition.