Final answer:
Evidence that 'race' is a modern concept includes the socially constructed 'three-factor test' in America, the negligible number of genetic markers for race, and the historical fluidity in the concept of race which leans towards physical characteristics over genuine genetic distinctions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evidence that the concept of 'race' is a modern idea can be found in various disciplines including history, anthropology, and biology. First, the 'three-factor test' used by Americans, which includes criteria like skin color, hair texture, and eye shape, is a social construction rather than a biologically accurate representation. Second, genetic variation among humans shows that of the thousands of DNA markers, only a small fraction corresponds with racial categories, such as the approximately 15 markers responsible for skin pigmentation. This insignificance of genetic markers for race suggests that if society chose to construct racial categories based on other traits like height or blood type, we would have vastly different racial groupings.
Thirdly, historical fluidity of race concepts demonstrates the modernity of the idea. The concept of race has significantly evolved over time, once being more about familial and regional lineage, it now leans heavily toward superficial physical characteristics. Anthropological research, like that of Nina Jablonski, substantiates the biological continuum of human traits, further negating the existence of discrete racial categories. These pieces of evidence collectively illustrate that 'race' is a recent social invention rather than an innate biological reality.