Final answer:
In cognatic descent systems, including ambilineal and bilateral descent, individuals can indeed belong to multiple groups at the same time as kinship is traced through both the mother's and father's lines.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a society has cognatic descent, it is indeed possible to belong to a number of groups simultaneously based on kinship lines from both the mother and father. Cognatic descent includes both ambilineal descent and bilateral descent. In ambilineal descent, families may choose the descent line that confers the most advantageous position, either through the mother or father. In societies with bilateral descent, such as in the United States, kinship is traced through both parental lines, inherently creating multiple group associations for the individual.
Cognatic descent systems enable the formation of rich, complex kinship networks, with each individual potentially embedded within multiple layers of familial relationships. This diversity in familial ties also extends to tribal and cultural group associations, providing multiple avenues for social and economic support, as well as enhancing individual identity.
For example, tribal societies might have various rules for establishing membership, like proving blood quantum or cultural adoption practices, demonstrating the social fluidity and cultural nuances present in different cognatic societies.