Final answer:
Charles I was executed on January 30, 1649, following the English Civil War and his conflicts with Parliament and the Puritans. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kingship of Charles I was marked by intense conflict with Parliament and dissatisfaction among the Puritans. In the course of his rule, Charles I's decisions, particularly his marriage to a Catholic princess and the imposition of Catholic liturgy in the Church of England, further distanced him from Parliament and the Puritan population.
After a period of ruling without Parliament and trying to impose taxes, resistance against his rule grew, leading to the English Civil War. This conflict between the Royalist supporters of the king and the Parliamentary forces led by Oliver Cromwell eventually resulted in Charles I's execution on January 30, 1649.
The monarchy was subsequently dissolved, leading to the English Interregnum, a period where England functioned as a republic under Oliver Cromwell's rule as Lord Protector.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C) Executed.