Final answer:
Shorter works such as short stories, essays, and articles, as well as parts of larger works like book chapters and TV episodes, should be placed in quotation marks. Titles of longer, standalone works like books are italicized. Additionally, quotation marks are used for direct quotes to indicate the exact words from a source.
Step-by-step explanation:
Titles of shorter works or those that are parts of a larger compilation need to be placed in quotation marks, as opposed to italicized. Short story titles, essay titles, song titles, article titles in periodicals, and individual episodes of TV or radio shows are examples of shorter works that should be enclosed in quotation marks. On the other hand, titles of standalone long works like books or journals are generally italicized.
When quoting directly, quotation marks are also used to indicate verbatim borrowing from an author's exact words. Quotations must be attributed to the source and should conform grammatically to the structure of your sentences. Alterations for clarity or grammatical consistency are acceptable when integrating quotes into your own writing, as long as the original meaning is preserved.