Final answer:
Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by the overproduction of cortisol due to a tumor on the adrenal cortex or secondary to a pituitary tumor producing excess ACTH. It is often indicated by symptoms such as obesity, high blood pressure, and mood changes. Treatment involves surgery or medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathology described in the question is characteristic of Cushing's syndrome, a metabolic disorder resulting from the hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. This condition can arise due to a tumor on the adrenal glands or as a result of a pituitary tumor producing excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a scenario referred to as Cushing's disease.
The symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, such as high blood glucose levels, obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, and mood disorders like depression, are due to the prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. Additionally, metabolic abnormalities can cause other features like a moon-shaped face and a buffalo hump.
Treatment of Cushing's syndrome often involves the surgical removal of the tumor or the use of medication to reduce cortisol production.
Addison's disease is the opposite disorder, characterized by the hyposecretion of corticosteroids which can lead to symptoms like low blood pressure and hypoglycemia. It is essential for the negative feedback mechanism involving cortisol, ACTH, and CRH to function properly in order to maintain hormonal balance and overall health.