Final answer:
Excess carbohydrates and ATP are used for glycogenesis, forming glycogen, and for lipogenesis, converting excess glucose into fatty acids. These processes store energy in liver and muscle cells or as fat in adipose tissue for future use.
Step-by-step explanation:
Excess carbohydrate and ATP are critical for energy production through two key processes in the body: glycogenesis, which is the formation of glycogen from glucose, and lipogenesis, the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids stored in adipose tissue.
Glycogenesis occurs when the liver synthesizes glycogen by using excess glucose present in the body, which acts as a storage form of glucose for future energy needs. On the other hand, lipogenesis is the process that happens when the glucose level is in abundance; the liver converts the resulting excess pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into acetyl CoA, which is then used to synthesize fatty acids.
These fatty acids are elongated by continuous addition of two-carbon fragments from additional acetyl CoA molecules, until they reach a certain length appropriate for storage as fat within adipocytes, which are the fat cells primarily responsible for fat storage in the mammalian body.
During lipogenesis, because it's an anabolic process (building up molecules), ATP is consumed. Fat stored in the form of triglycerides in adipose tissue is an efficient way of storing the energy that was originally part of carbohydrates, providing a high-energy reserve for the body.