Final answer:
Catabolism is the term for the breakdown of large biomolecules into smaller ones, releasing energy during a fasting state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the breakdown of large biomolecules into smaller ones, which releases energy and occurs in a fasting state, is known as catabolism. This process includes the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins from ingested food into their constituent monomers, as well as the breakdown of ATP, which is necessary for the myriad of metabolic processes in the body's cells. During a fasting or postabsorptive state, the body no longer has food as a source of energy and thus relies on stored glycogen, fats, and eventually proteins to maintain energy levels.