Final answer:
Biological anthropology includes four sub-disciplines: human biological variation, paleoanthropology, primatology, and bioarchaeology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biological anthropology, also referred to as physical anthropology or evolutionary anthropology, is one of the four major subfields of anthropology. The four sub-disciplines included in biological anthropology are:
- Human biological variation: This area of study focuses on understanding the genetic and phenotypic variations among human populations.
- Paleoanthropology: It involves the study of human and primate evolution, including the examination of fossil remains and archaeological evidence.
- Primatology: This subfield concentrates on the study of nonhuman primates, providing insights into their behavior, biology, and social structures.
- Bioarchaeology: It involves the analysis of human skeletal remains found at archaeological sites to understand past populations' health, diet, and lifestyle.
These sub-disciplines contribute to the overall understanding of human physical characteristics and behaviors.