Final answer:
In the 1980s, anthropological theories began to include the critique and contribution of native and feminist voices, leading to a more inclusive study of human cultures focusing on women's roles, biological aspects of evolution, and the impact of media. Gender studies also influenced how anthropologists understand masculinity and femininity in various societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Shift in Anthropological Theories in the 1980's
In the 1980s, the field of anthropology underwent significant theoretical changes, reflecting shifts in societal values and academic perspectives. This period was marked by increased critiques from within as anthropologists reassessed their methods and focuses in light of questions about the field's authority and representation. Particularly influencing these changes were:
- Inclusion of Native voices that challenged the dominant anthropological narratives.
- Feminist critiques leading to the advent of an anthropology of women, expanding research to include women's perspectives and roles in society.
- A shift from physical anthropology to biological anthropology, reorienting the study towards human evolution and away from past associations with scientific racism.
- The emergence of media anthropology, analyzing the impact of mass media on cultures.
- Gender studies in anthropology that changed the perspective on male roles, recognizing men not merely as general representatives of culture but as individuals socialized into their specific gender roles.
These developments were rooted in the late 20th century's evolving understanding of human cultures and the recognition of the need to consider multiple perspectives and influences in anthropological work.