Final answer:
Old World monkeys originate from Africa and Asia and are known for species such as macaques, while New World monkeys from the Americas, like tamarins, often have prehensile tails. Sexual dimorphism is prominent in Old World species. Evolution has led to varied and specialized traits among primates, such as different nose structures and sizes among prosimians and anthropoids.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing popular Old World monkeys and primates, we are referring to those that originate from Africa and Asia. Some notable examples include the macaques, such as the Japanese macaque and the crab-eating macaque. These species live in a variety of environments, including Old World tropical forests, which are rich in biodiversity. Additionally, the social relationships within these Old World species often exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, where males tend to be much larger than females, possibly due to the need to defend multiple females.
Comparatively, New World monkeys, such as the tamarin and the pygmy marmoset, originate from the Americas and usually possess a prehensile tail, unlike their Old World counterparts. These species are all arboreal and live in the lush tropical forests of Central and South America.
Primate evolution is a fascinating subject that delves into the emergence of different species over millions of years. The division of primates into prosimians and anthropoids, along with the difference in nose structure—broad for New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and narrow, downward-pointed for Old World monkeys (Catarrhini)—reflects these evolutionary paths. Moreover, prosimians, such as bush babies and lemurs, differ from anthropoids in being smaller and typically nocturnal.