Final answer:
Tribal societies are larger than hunting and gathering band-level societies and rely on extended family structures and/or councils for leadership. In contrast, hunting and gathering band-level societies are small and egalitarian with no formal positions of leadership.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tribal societies, compared to hunting and gathering band-level societies, are larger and rely on extended family structures and/or councils for leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution. These societies are associated with pastoralism and horticulture, where extended families control certain resources. They live in larger groups ranging from a few hundred to several thousand people. In contrast, hunting and gathering band-level societies are small and egalitarian, with no formal positions of leadership.