Final answer:
Product liability is predominantly governed by common law and Article 2 of the UCC, which handles the sale of goods. Both state and federal courts can hear civil and criminal cases, and federal courts get involved when federal law or constitutional rights are at issue. The states' legislative powers are constitutionally restricted to protect individual rights and freedoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Product liability is mainly covered by common law and Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), which deals with the sale of goods. Neither the federal product liability law nor Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, the Code of Federal Regulations, or the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure principally govern product liability.
When it comes to the types of disputes heard in courts, both state and federal courts hear matters involving civil law and criminal law. Cases may be heard in federal courts if they invoke the U.S. Constitution or federal law, such as federal legislation that often relies on the commerce clause, or pertain to issues of civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights.
The jurisdiction of federal and state courts is curtailed by the Constitution. States cannot issue laws that contravene personal freedoms, as they are constrained by provisions such as the prohibition of bills of attainder, the enactment of ex post facto laws, and the protection of individual rights through amendments like the Fourteenth Amendment.