Final answer:
The camera's effectiveness in horizontal and vertical viewing is defined by the magnification ratio, whether an image appears inverted or upright, and by the field of view of the lens which affects the perceived distance of objects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The camera's effectiveness in viewing objects from a horizontal and vertical view is defined by several factors including the magnification ratio of image height to object height, and the characteristics of the lens used in the camera. When we talk about magnification (m), if m is positive, the image is upright. Conversely, if m is negative, the image is inverted. Moreover, the magnitude of m indicates the size of the image in relation to the object, where |m| > 1 means the image is larger than the object and |m| < 1 indicates the image is smaller.
Additionally, the field of view of a camera's lens can either yield a wide or narrow range of view, influencing how close or far objects appear in relation to their actual position. For example, a wide field of view can make objects appear to be farther than they are, while a narrow field makes them appear closer. This interplay between field of view and appearance of distance is crucial for photographers and cinematographers in order to create the desired visual effect. Finally, understanding the thin-lens equation and concepts such as object distance (do), image distance (di), and the upright or inverted nature of the image can contribute to accurately determining the camera's effectiveness in capturing an image.