Final answer:
A 'black hat' hacker uses their skills to illegally attack computer networks, often stealing data, causing disruptions, or gaining unauthorized access. Tactics include phishing, exploiting vulnerabilities, and denial-of-service attacks. Prevention requires updated cybersecurity measures and collaboration between sectors.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hacker with computing skills and expertise to launch harmful attacks on computer networks and uses those skills illegally is typically described as a 'black hat' hacker. These individuals generally have the intent of either stealing data, causing disruption, or gaining unauthorized access to systems. Hackers employ various tactics such as phishing scams to lure people into clicking on malicious links and reveal their personal information, exploiting software vulnerabilities to gain access, or launching denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm and disrupt networks.
Governments and militant groups have started to weaponize cyberspace, engaging in hacking to steal secret intelligence, disrupt satellite communications, shut down internet services, and spread disinformation. The success of these hackers can range from minor nuisances to major breaches of national security. Defending against these attacks requires robust cybersecurity measures, including but not limited to regular software updates, user education, and employing advanced threat detection systems. The collaboration between private and public sectors is also crucial in the prevention and mitigation of cyber threats.