Final answer:
Bonobos have egalitarian matriarchal societies with frequent sexual behavior for social bonding, while chimpanzees feature male-dominated hierarchies with selective mating practices. They differ physically and vocally, showcasing diverse primate social systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chimpanzees and bonobos, both sharing 99 percent of their DNA with humans, exhibit distinct behaviors and social structures. Bonobos are known for their egalitarian and peaceful societies. They have a matriarchal structure, where females hold dominant positions. Bonobos use sexual interactions, including same-sex and opposite-sex pairings, as a means of social bonding and conflict resolution. This has led them to be characterized by the phrase 'make love, not war.' In contrast, chimpanzees have a male-dominant hierarchical society, marked by frequent male aggression. Sexual behavior in chimpanzees is less varied and often oriented towards reproduction. Males may engage in consortships, where they exclusively mate with an estrous female, or opportunistic mating with multiple partners.
Bonobos and chimpanzees also differ in certain physical characteristics and vocalizations. Notably, bonobos have longer legs, more hair on their heads, keep their white tail tufts for life, and have higher-pitched voices compared to chimpanzees. Understanding the affiliative behaviors and structures within these close human relatives provides insight into the diversity of social systems in primates and aids in reflecting upon human evolutionary pathways.