Final answer:
The study of syntax, a key element of grammar, focuses on the rules for combining words into sentences. Understanding syntax and semantics is essential for constructing language effectively. Parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are the building blocks of sentence structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific patterns and rules for combining morphemes to construct phrases and sentences refer to the study of syntax, which is an integral part of a language's grammar. Syntax is concerned with how words and phrases are organized into coherent sentences. For example, the phrase 'How did that happen?' respects English syntax out of the 24 possible arrangements of those words. Language also involves semantics, which deals with the meaning derived from words and morphemes. When constructing language, both syntax and semantics play crucial roles in determining not only what we say but how we say it, ensuring that communication is both effective and understandable.
To fully grasp the structure of language, one must also learn to identify various parts of speech in a sentence, including nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs, which can appear as individual words or as part of phrases. These fundamental elements contribute to the richness and complexity of language, enabling us to express a vast array of ideas and emotions.