Final answer:
Linguists are individuals who analyze languages and their component parts, focusing on elements such as lexicon, grammar, phonetics, and semantics and the application of language in social contexts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for those who analyze languages and their component parts is linguists. Linguists study various aspects of language including its lexicon, grammar, phonemes, morphemes, semantics, and syntax. Subfields like sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and geolinguistics each focus on different areas of language use and development. Applied linguistics, for example, seeks practical solutions to real-world language problems such as facilitating language acquisition among immigrants. Sociolinguistics examines how language use varies in different social contexts.
Linguistics involves looking at the minutiae of language just as scientists look at the components of a substance, allegorically similar to how writers perform textual analysis. Semantic and syntactic rules, such as the use of "-ed" for past tense verbs in English, guide the conveyance of meaning within a language. Specialists in this discipline are constantly exploring the evolving nature of language and its connection to culture, society, and individual expression.