Question

For each approach type, state if it has glide-slope, whether you use an MDA or DA, and where the missed approach point is located: A) LNAV / B) LNAV+V / C) LNAV/VNAV / D) LPV

Answer 1

Approaches LNAV and LNAV+V do not have glide-slope and use MDA, with the LNAV missed approach point determined by timing or DME and the LNAV+V by waypoint or visual reference. The LNAV/VNAV and LPV approaches both have glide-slope, use DA, and the missed approach point is at the DA if the runway is not in sight.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question pertains to different types of instrument approach procedures and their characteristics regarding glide-slope, minimum descent altitude (MDA), decision altitude (DA), and the location of the missed approach point.

• LNAV: Lateral Navigation only, no glide-slope. Uses MDA, and the missed approach point is determined by timing or DME when the final approach fix is crossed at the MDA until the missed approach point.
• LNAV+V: Lateral Navigation with advisory vertical guidance, no certified glide-slope. Uses MDA, and the missed approach point is upon reaching the MDA while the advisory glide path is being flown, often at a waypoint or visual reference.
• LNAV/VNAV: Lateral Navigation with certified Vertical Navigation providing a glide-slope. Uses DA, and the missed approach point is typically at the DA if visual contact with the runway environment is not established.
• LPV: Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance, the highest precision GPS WAAS approach, comparable to ILS, with glide-slope. Uses DA, and the missed approach is initiated if the required landing visual references are not visible at the DA.