Final answer:
The anatomical changes facilitating bipedalism include the development of a valgus angle in the femur, an arch in the foot, and alignment of the big toe, as well as specific arrangements of metatarsals, phalanges, and tarsals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the anatomical changes related to bipedalism includes a range of skeletal alterations that have occurred in hominins to allow for walking on two feet. Among these changes is the development of a valgus angle in the femur, which positions the knees and feet under the pelvis, and the evolution of spinal curves for better weight distribution. The foot developed an arch, and the big toe aligned parallel to the other toes, which is critical for weight transmission during walking. Bipedalism also necessitates a single leg to act as a 'stance leg' to bear the body's weight while the other 'step leg' moves forward. With increased locomotion speed, the time when both feet are on the ground decreases, requiring additional balance adaptations. The metatarsals, phalanges, and tarsals in the human foot have specific arrangements and articulations that support this unique form of locomotion.