Final answer:
Generalized reciprocity is the mode of exchange most characteristic of egalitarian societies, where goods and services are shared freely and equally without expectation of immediate return, fostering a culture of cooperation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A mode of exchange most characteristic of egalitarian societies is generalized reciprocity. It is a form of exchange where goods and services are given freely without the immediate or explicit expectation of return from the receiver. This approach to sharing is based on the principle of altruism and is founded on the idea of equal distribution among all members of a society, thereby reinforcing egalitarian principles. In such societies, generosity is valued, and any form of greed or refusal to share is often met with social sanctions.
Generalized reciprocity is typical in societies where hunting and gathering is the predominant mode of subsistence. In these communities, when hunters secure large game or gatherers collect ample food, the resources are distributed among all with the intent of supporting one another without immediate return. This practice nurtures a culture of cooperation and social well-being, standing in contrast to the self-interest and greed more commonly associated with market exchange.