Final answer:
The concept in question refers to 'patrilineal descent,' where individuals trace their kinship and social identity through a common male ancestor. This form of lineage organization forms part of the broader kinship structure within a society and plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and resolving conflicts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lineage organization consisting of all people who believe themselves related to each other because they are related to a common male ancestor is known as patrilineal descent. In this type of unilineal descent, individuals trace their kinship through their male lineage, which is a collective social rule for all families within a society. A lineage is essentially a line of descent from an ancestral figure, and encompasses both immediate family and the extended network of relatives. In many societies, such lineages may form broader social structures like clans and moieties, which facilitate social integration and provide informal leadership through elders and consensus-building.
Lineage societies, such as the Nuer of South Sudan, can be segmentary, with minimal lineages tracing back to a common great-grandfather and maximal lineages including larger groups of connected families. Kinship ties in these societies are integral to maintaining social order and resolving disputes, underlining the importance of ancestry and familial relationships across generations.