Final answer:
Estheticians may not use buffered concentrations of alpha-hydroxy acids of 10 to 30 percent where pH is less than 4.75.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 considered acidic and values above 7 considered alkaline.
In this case, the question asks for the pH where estheticians may not use buffered concentrations of alpha-hydroxy acids of 10 to 30 percent.
As the pH of the buffer must be between the pKa (3.75) and pKa + 1 (4.75), any pH less than 4.75 would be unsuitable for the use of alpha-hydroxy acids.