Question

We generally consider inheritance to flow from one generation to the next along independent lines of descent. Thus, the tree of life begins with a single root and spreads out along branches that, once separated, never rejoin. What phenomenon challenges this model of evolution?

A. neutral variation
B. horizontal gene transfer
C. inheritance
D. vertical gene transfer

Answer 1

Horizontal gene transfer challenges the traditional model of evolution by allowing genes to be transferred between unrelated species, complicating our understanding of phylogenetic relationships.

Step-by-step explanation:

The phenomenon that challenges the model of evolution with inheritance flowing from one generation to the next along independent lines of descent is horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also known as lateral gene transfer.

This is the process where genes are transferred between unrelated species, which adds complexity to phylogenetic relationships and the traditional tree of life concept. Horizontal gene transfer is particularly common in microorganisms and complicates the determination of evolutionary relationships.