Question

Careful analysis of many types of organisms suggests that the amazingly complex camera-like eyes of vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs (octopuses and squids) formed through _____.

A. inheritance from a common ancestor that also had camera-like eyes
B. gradual refinements that occurred independently in the vertebrate and cephalopod lineages to produce similar camera-like eye structures
C. a dramatic mutation in both the vertebrate and cephalopod lineages that produced a fully functional eye in a single step
D. two different independent origins of vision based on a different set of genes from those used in more primitive eye designs

Answer 1

The complex camera-like eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods evolved through convergent evolution via independent gradual refinements, resulting in similar eye structures without a common ancestor sharing these features.

Step-by-step explanation:

Camera-like eyes in vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs, such as octopuses and squids, have evolved through convergent evolution. This process involves gradual refinements that occurred independently in different lineages, resulting in similar structures like the camera-like eyes despite having no common ancestor with such eyes.

The camera-like eye is an example of a complex organ, made of interactive tissues that form true organs and provide high visual acuity.

Cephalopods are known for their well-developed brain, the foot modified into tentacles for locomotion, and their ability to change color and texture, which contributes to their effectiveness as predators.

Additionally, their complex eyes and circulatory system are indicative of their intelligence, which is among the highest in invertebrates.