Final answer:
Homologous structures are those that originated from the same structure in a common ancestor and can be found in related organisms, exemplified by the limbs of different mammals such as bats and whales.
Correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Structures that evolved from the same structure in a common ancestor are B. homologous. Homologous structures are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may serve different functions in the descendants. For instance, the limb bones of mammals, like bats and whales, are considered homologous because they were derived from common ancestral structures despite their current functions (e.g., flying or swimming).
On the other hand, analogous structures are similar because of convergent evolution, functioning similarly due to similar selection pressures, but not derived from a common ancestor. An example of this would be the wings of insects and birds, which look similar because they both serve the function of flight but do not share a common winged ancestor.