Final answer:
A phylogeny, depicted through a phylogenetic tree, is a true representation of evolutionary relationships among organisms, showing how different species are related through common ancestors and indicating the timeline of their divergence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is true: A phylogeny (or "family tree") depicts evolutionary relationships among organisms. Biology studies phylogenies to understand the evolutionary history and the relationships among species or groups of species. The tool used for this purpose is the phylogenetic tree, which is a diagram showing these evolutionary relationships. In these trees, internal nodes represent ancestors, and the branches indicate the divergence of species from these ancestors.
The length of the branches is often proportional to time, reflecting how long ago divergence occurred, making the phylogenetic tree not only a representation of relationship but also of the evolutionary timeline. These trees serve as hypotheses to illustrate the "tree of life", as one cannot travel back in time to confirm the proposed evolutionary pathways.