Final answer:
Samuel George Morton compared cranial capacities of different races and hypothesized racial intellectual hierarchies, a concept now discredited as scientific racism. The question context, however, is more related to evolutionary theorists like Wallace and Darwin rather than Morton's work.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to Samuel George Morton, a scientist from the 19th century, who is known for his work in the field of craniometry. Morton compared the cranial capacities of skulls from various racial groups and hypothesized that there were inherent intellectual differences between races, with a hierarchy of intelligence correlating to cranial capacity. This premise has since been discredited and is considered a part of scientific racism.
In the question lines provided, there is nothing directly related to Samuel George Morton; rather, the context is about different naturalists and scientists like Robert Hooke, Alfred Russel Wallace, and Charles Darwin who made contributions to the understanding of natural history and evolutionary theory. For instance, Alfred Wallace is credited with independently conceiving a theory of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin.