Final answer:
Ethnic and religious nationalism has seen a resurgence in some parts of the world as a reaction to globalization, exemplified by events like Brexit and Trump's election. In the U.S., historical patterns of nativism rise in response to major immigration waves, with current sentiments influenced by fears over job loss, sovereignty, and inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question of whether we are seeing a rise or decline in ethnic and religious nationalism is complex and depends on the geographic and political context. In recent years, there has been a noticeable pushback against globalization which, in some cases, has been accompanied by a resurgence of nationalism. This can manifest as increased ethnic and religious pride or, conversely, as nativism and xenophobia. Events such as Brexit and the election of Donald J. Trump illustrate a shift towards a more nationalist stance in some societies.
In the United States, the question of changes in ethnocentrism or xenocentrism is influenced by a myriad of social forces. Historically, periods of significant immigration have often led to a rise in nativism. The 19th-century wave of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe sparked anxiety among some native-born Americans, who preferred the familiarity of their northern European customs and languages. Today, similar feelings can be seen in response to modern immigration patterns and cultural shifts.
Concerns about loss of jobs, loss of political sovereignty, and increased economic inequality have been significant factors driving the recent surge in nationalistic sentiments globally. While some view this rise in nationalism as a way to reclaim control and protect traditional values, others are deeply troubled by the division and tension it can cause within diverse societies.