Final answer:
Primates with a vertical clinging and leaping locomotor pattern have adaptations for climbing and brachiation. These adaptations include a rotating shoulder joint, widely separated big toe and thumbs, and stereoscopic vision. Primates also have larger brains, modified nails, typically one offspring per pregnancy, and a trend towards holding the body upright.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primates whose dominant locomotor pattern is vertical clinging and leaping are characterized by their adaptations for climbing and brachiation (swinging through trees).
These adaptations include a rotating shoulder joint, widely separated big toe and thumbs for gripping branches, and stereoscopic vision for depth perception.
Other characteristics of primates are larger brains, modified nails, typically one offspring per pregnancy, and a trend towards holding the body upright.