Final answer:
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to different phenotypes within a population. These mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral and are essential for providing the genetic diversity necessary for species' evolution and adaptation.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is a Mutation?
A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, beyond the normal genetic variation. This can result from an error during DNA replication or due to environmental factors like chemical exposure, radiation, or viral infections. Mutations can be classified based on their effects on the organism's phenotype, which is the set of observable characteristics. These changes in the genetic code may alter the function of the resulting proteins, potentially leading to phenotypical variations within a population.
Mutations are typically random and can have diverse impacts on an organism, from harmful to beneficial, or even neutral. They play a crucial role in evolutionary processes as they are the primary source of genetic diversity. Mutations that happen in the germ line can be passed on to offspring, making them a focal point for evolutionary change. Phenotypic variations resulting from genetic mutations provide populations with the genetic diversity necessary to adapt to changing environments, ensuring the survival and evolution of species.