Final answer:
Kottak describes an act of giving without the expectation of return as 'generalized reciprocity,' a practice of sharing commonly found within close relationships and is fundamental to fostering social cooperation.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to anthropologist Kottak, when an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of generalized reciprocity. Generalized reciprocity is characterized by the act of sharing without any interest in compensation or the value of objects given.
This form of exchange is often found within close relationships, such as those among family members and friends, and is contrasted with other forms of exchange like balanced reciprocity and market exchange, where there is an expectation of a return or direct compensation.
Examples of generalized reciprocity can range from sharing food freely within a community, to family members providing for each other without expecting payment.
This principle is fundamental in developing social bonds and cooperation within a group, ensuring that all members contribute to and benefit from communal resources, alleviating the free rider problem. In stark contrast to capitalism market exchange, generalized reciproity relies on the moral principles of generosity and altruism rather than immediate quid pro quo.