Final answer:
The management theory that reviews differences between managers and leaders is associated with John Kotter. Kotter distinguishes managers as handling complexity and leaders as setting direction and motivating. Option A
Step-by-step explanation:
The management theory that reviews the differences between managers and leaders is associated with John Kotter's work, which distinguishes the functions and roles of managers and leaders within an organization. Kotter explains that managers are tasked with handling complexity, controlling and directing people and resources according to established plans and dealing with day-to-day operations.
On the other hand, leaders are responsible for setting direction, aligning people, motivating, and inspiring stakeholders towards the envisioned future. Kotter's view posits that organizations require both strong management to handle complex processes and strong leadership to drive change and navigate through new directions.
To further understand leadership styles, Bass's transformational leadership theory and McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y are pivotal. Transformational leadership fosters motivation and engagement by inspiring employees, encouraging innovation, and nurturing a positive organizational culture.
Conversely, Theory X managers believe that employees inherently dislike work and must be strictly controlled and coerced to perform, whereas Theory Y promotes a collaborative, trust-based approach that assumes employees take pride in their work and can be self-driven.
Understanding these distinctions is essential for anyone seeking to develop effective management and leadership skills within an organization. Option A