Final answer:
The coastline of Peru does indeed have a very dry and cool climate, primarily due to the cold ocean currents and the rain shadow effect created by the Andes Mountains. Irrigation remains essential for agriculture due to the arid conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the coastline of Peru has a very dry, cool climate is true. The coastal region of Peru, particularly in the south, is characterized by a dry and arid climate. This is due to several factors, including the rain shadow effect of the Andes Mountains and cold water currents from the Antarctic, which limit precipitation and result in environments like the Atacama Desert. Furthermore, these currents maintain cooler temperatures along the coast, contributing to the coolness of the climate. Despite being near the Equator, the cold ocean currents make the waters around the coast rich in sea life. Irrigation continues to be key to sustaining agriculture in this arid climate, necessitated by the fact that the rivers from the Andes provide vital water sources to the otherwise parched coastal lands.
Cultures in the region have adapted to these conditions, as seen through historical examples of canal construction for irrigation and the well-preserved artifacts found in the dry sands of the coastal desert. Due to the arid environment of southern Peru, organic material can remain well-preserved, providing a wealth of information about the ancient cultures of the region.