Final answer:
True. Some Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans, but size alone does not determine intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
True. Some Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans today. The average size of Neanderthal brains was around 1,520 cc compared to the average brain size of modern humans, which is around 1200-1400 cc. However, brain size alone does not determine intelligence. Neanderthals had a different brain organization, with the frontal region, responsible for speech and language, being less developed compared to the back region, which dealt with sensory functions. This difference in brain organization may have been a survival adaptation to their harsh hunting conditions.