Final answer:
A transhumance system is one that uses contrasting environmental zones for different human activities, and is influenced by altitude, climate, and vegetation. It aligns with the principles of altitudinal zonation and biogeography, which explore how ecosystems adapt to abiotic factors like temperature and rainfall.
Step-by-step explanation:
A transhumance system is a system that exploits environmental zones that contrast with one another in altitude, rainfall, overall climate, and vegetation. Human activity varies with elevation, and these activities can be divided into zones according to altitudinal zonation. For instance, in the tropical regions of Latin America, there are various temperature-altitude zones used for different types of agriculture and vegetation adapted to those specific climates.
Biomes are groups of similar ecosystems with the same general type of physical environment found anywhere in the world, and these can be significantly affected by changes in abiotic factors such as temperature and rainfall due to changing altitude. Biogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of living things and the abiotic factors that affect their distribution, which highlights the influence of latitude and elevation on climate and ecosystems.
Terrestrial ecosystems are classified differently, including deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundra, each with unique plant and animal communities adapted to their particular environmental conditions. The variation in plant life, as one may observe in different ecosystems like the Saguaro National Park in Arizona versus the rocky desert of Boa Vista island, Cape Verde, Africa, highlights how ecosystems adapt to their environments.