Final answer:
The two main components of fieldwork in archaeological anthropology are excavation, where researchers uncover artifacts, and participant observation, where they immerse themselves in the culture they are studying.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two major components of fieldwork in archaeological anthropology are excavation and participant observation. Excavation involves the methodical removal of earth to find artifacts and fossils that provide insights into how people lived in the past. Participant observation, on the other hand, requires researchers to immerse themselves in the society they are studying. This involves living in the community, adopting local customs, and directly participating in daily activities while making detailed records of observations.
These approaches allow anthropologists to gather empirical data and gain a deeper understanding of cultural practices, social interactions, and human behavior from both past civilizations and contemporary societies. It is through these methods that anthropologists contribute valuable knowledge about human history and social dynamics.