Final answer:
Mobile foraging band societies are characterized by their egalitarian social structure, with minimal status differences and decisions made through discussion and consensus. Mobility and cooperation are central to their lifestyle, and resources are shared among band members.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mobile foraging band societies, often referred to as hunter-gatherer groups, are renowned for their egalitarian social structure due to their nomadic lifestyle and reliance on cooperation and sharing. These bands are typically small, usually consisting of 20 to 30 members, and any status differences that exist are minimal and based on attributes like experience or knowledge rather than formal positions of authority. Decisions within these bands are made via consensus, where everyone's opinion is valued.
A key aspect of these societies is their mobility; they move according to the availability of resources, which fosters inter-band relationships and reinforces their egalitarian nature. Resources are shared amongst all members of the band, and traits such as generosity are highly prized. People are actively discouraged from placing themselves above others, and behaviors like greed and pride are socially stigmatized.
In contrast, with the advent of agriculture and the development of pastoral and horticulture societies, known as tribal societies, a more hierarchical structure emerged, with extended family groups and councils taking on leadership and decision-making roles.