Final answer:
Population growth shot up under colonialism due to factors like improved farming methods, increased food production, and better healthcare. The ability to sell goods to captive colonial markets also fueled population growth. Economic development and industrialization in newly decolonized countries also created job opportunities and increased migration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Population growth shot up under colonialism for a variety of reasons. Firstly, famine was a major factor behind the surge in population. The British introduced new farming methods and healthcare improvements which led to increased food production and better healthcare, resulting in rapid population growth in places like India. However, this strained the food supply, leading to famines.
Furthermore, agricultural improvements and the introduction of staple crops like the potato in Great Britain allowed for more food production with less labor. This led to a larger population that could work in factories and be consumers for manufactured goods. The ability to sell goods to captive colonial markets also fueled the rush for overseas empires.
Lastly, economic development and industrialization in newly decolonized countries created job opportunities and increased migration. Rural populations moved to cities in search of better opportunities. Climate change has also forced people to relocate from certain regions.