Final answer:
The statement that population genetics is mainly interested in macroevolutionary processes is false. Population genetics, as a subdiscipline, focuses on microevolutionary processes within populations, such as changes in allele frequencies due to natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and migration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Population genetics is the subdiscipline of physical anthropology that is mainly interested in microevolutionary processes rather than macroevolutionary processes. This is a false statement. Population genetics is concerned with the study of evolutionary changes occurring within a population, tracking allele frequencies and how they change over time due to various evolutionary forces such as natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and migration.
Population genetics forms part of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, which is a fusion of Charles Darwin's and Alfred Russel Wallace's concepts of natural selection, with Gregor Mendel's principles of heredity. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle within population genetics that states allele frequencies in a non-evolving population will remain constant barring evolutionary mechanisms. Thus, population genetics focuses on small-scale changes (microevolution), not large-scale changes seen over paleontological time (macroevolution).