Final answer:
The statement that the complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome is true. A genome consists of all the genetic material within a cell, containing all genes and intergenic DNA regions that make up an organism's chromosomes. The genome determines an individual's genotype, influencing their phenotype consisting of physical, biochemical, or behavioral characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome is true. A genome includes all the genes and intergenic regions of DNA within an organism's chromosomes, encompassing both the coding and non-coding sequences of DNA. Within a human cell, the genome is organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each chromosome housing thousands of genes. These genes code for proteins or stable RNA molecules, which perform various functions critical to the cell's operation and an individual's development.
An individual's genetic makeup, including all the genes contained within the genome, is termed the genotype. The set of genes expressed at any given time, which results in observable characteristics, is known as the phenotype. Common examples of phenotypes include physical traits like eye color, as well as biochemical and behavioral characteristics.
In summary, the genome encompasses the total genetic material in a cell, and the study of genomes is called genomics. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is structured in complex with histone proteins such as chromatin. Each human body cell's DNA, including the genome, is diploid, carrying two sets of chromosomes one from each parent.