Final answer:
The transition to agriculture had significant effects on human health, including increased disease transmission, dietary changes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transition to agriculture brought about several changes in human health. One major effect was the increased spread of diseases due to the close contact between humans and animals. For example, the introduction of slash-and-burn agriculture in tropical regions facilitated the transmission of malaria, as it created breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Another impact was the shift in diet, which led to nutritional deficiencies and diseases such as lactose intolerance and dental cavities. Lastly, the sedentary lifestyle associated with farming resulted in reduced overall fitness and an increased risk of health problems related to being overweight and inactive.