Final answer:
Iodine is not a nucleic acid component, unlike adenine, guanine, and cytosine, which are nitrogen bases found in nucleic acids. So the correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the provided options, all are nucleic acids except for one. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which consist of one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar: either deoxyribose or ribose, and a nitrogen-containing base: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil. When considering the choices, adenine, guanine, and cytosine are all nitrogen bases found within nucleic acids. However, iodine is not a nitrogen base nor a component of nucleic acids, thereby making it the correct answer.
Adenine and guanine are classified as purines, which have a double-ring structure, while cytosine, along with thymine (found in DNA only), and uracil (found in RNA only) are classified as pyrimidines, which have a single ring structure. In summary, adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are nitrogen bases used to assemble nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), while iodine is not related to nucleic acids and thus is the correct answer to the question.