Final answer:
The scenario in which researchers used Shoshone oral histories to guide their search for the Bear River Massacre site is an example of oral history research (A). This method helps triangulate anthropological findings with community-shared memories.
Step-by-step explanation:
When researchers used Shoshone oral histories to locate the site of the Bear River Massacre in southern Idaho, they were engaging in a type of research known as oral history research. This scenario falls under the category of (A) Oral history research. Oral history is a method of gathering, preserving, and interpreting the voices and memories of people, communities, and participants in past events. Through oral histories, researchers can gain insights into historical events from the perspectives of those who experienced them. Native oral histories are particularly valuable, as they can offer a continuous record of events and changes in the environment that have been transmitted through generations within a community. Such research has become increasingly important in contemporary archaeology and anthropology, as it provides a means to triangulate findings with elder recollections and scientific data for a more holistic understanding of the past.