Final answer:
Armchair Anthropology is considered ineffective and outdated because it lacked direct fieldwork and engaged in analysis based on second-hand accounts, which has been superseded by collaborative and fieldwork-based approaches in contemporary anthropology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Armchair Anthropology is now seen as B) Ineffective and outdated. This approach to anthropology was based on the analysis and synthesis of second-hand accounts rather than direct fieldwork. Armchair anthropologists, like Lewis Henry Morgan, formulated theories about societies and behaviors from data others collected, often without engaging directly with the communities they studied. While it may have been a step in the development of ethnographic methods, the lack of direct observation and interaction with the subjects of study has led to criticisms of this approach.
Contemporary anthropology prioritizes ethical and collaborative methods of representation, involving communities in the research process. This shift addresses historical power dynamics and aims for research that benefits the studied communities directly. Fieldwork is now considered a vital aspect of an anthropologist's methodology, providing rich, nuanced data and reflections on cultures and societies through direct involvement and observation.