Final answer:
Religion exercises social control by setting behavioral standards, reinforcing social norms, and influencing both followers and the broader society through its practices and holidays. It aids in social interaction and group cohesion while also impacting social inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Religion can socially control the public by defining rules of behavior and establishing a clear distinction between what is considered sacred and profane. For example, the Ten Commandments in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism lay down essential guidelines that prohibit actions such as theft, murder, and adultery, while also prescribing respect and honor amongst individuals. The adherence to these commandments brings both social approval and divine favor, while deviation can lead to social disapproval and perceived supernatural consequences.
The social control exerted by religion is not confined to followers alone; it also influences others in society during religious holidays and events. The observation of Christmas, irrespective of individual beliefs, often results in widespread closure of schools and businesses, showcasing how the structure of religion affects the broader society. This interplay between personal religious practice and societal norms underscores the significant role that religion plays in the everyday world.
In addition to setting moral standards, religion also facilitates social interaction, fosters group cohesion, and influences social norms, such as clothing and behavior. It can, however, create an in-group and out-group dynamic, sometimes leading to extreme events like the Inquisition or the Salem witch trials. Sociologists study religion because it helps explain human behavior, informs cultural conceptions of the sacred and the profane, and can either reinforce or challenge societal structures and social inequalities.