Final answer:
If humans were more closely related to mandrills, they might exhibit vivid facial coloration, pronounced sexual dimorphism, and enhanced arboreal locomotion adaptations. However, our actual closest relatives are chimpanzees and gorillas, with whom we share significant genetic and anatomical similarities.
Step-by-step explanation:
If humans were more closely related to mandrills, they might share characteristics such as vivid facial coloration, which is prominent in mandrills but not in humans. Additionally, humans might have more pronounced sexual dimorphism, as male mandrills are significantly larger and more colorful than females. Other possibilities include enhanced adaptations for arboreal locomotion, since mandrills are adapted to live in both forest and savannah environments, which could lead to stronger limbs and a more robust physique adapted for climbing and ground dwelling.
Our current closest relatives are the great apes, specifically chimpanzees and gorillas, with which we share over 97% of our DNA. This common genetic heritage manifests in similar proteins and anatomical traits such as larger brains and the capability for upright walking, or bipedalism. Nevertheless, mandrills are still part of the primate family, and if our evolutionary pathways were more aligned, we could potentially see a blend of these traits in humans.