Final answer:
The Neolithic town in today's Turkey that might have had a belief in a mother-deity is Çatalhöyük. It was an early urban settlement indicative of complex societal and religious structures in the Neolithic era within the Fertile Crescent, which includes Syria and Israel.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neolithic Settlements and Religious Beliefs
The Neolithic town located in today's Turkey that may have shared a belief in a mother-deity is Çatalhöyük. Evidence suggests that the people of Çatalhöyük engaged in practices such as bull sacrifices and created art that points towards the veneration of a female figure, which some researchers interpret as a mother-deity. This contrasts with Jericho, where the community showed reverence for ancestors through the decoration of human skulls. The emergence of religious specialists and continuing artistic developments in Çatalhöyük are indicators of the complexity in the social and religious structures of these early Neolithic settlements, which had populations as high as six thousand people.
Çatalhöyük and Jericho are historical examples that provide us insights into the Neolithic era, which saw the transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle and the rise of early urban areas in the region known as the Fertile Crescent. This region, encompassing parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Israel, Palestine, and Turkey, was a cradle for such significant developments in human civilization.